The organization and roll of communist party in China
The Communist Party in China was founded on July 1, 1921 in Shanghai, China. The Communist Party of China is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. The Communist Party of China is a well organized party organized on the basis of the principle of democratic centralism. The Communist Party maintains a close link between the government and the party itself. Membership is open to any Chinese citizens who has attained the age of 18 years, accepts the Party's Program and the Party Constitution, carries out the party's decisions and pays membership dues as required.
Organization of the Party:
The Communist Party of China is a tightly organized party which stands organized on the basis of the principle of Democratic Centralism.
1) Cell or Primary Party Organizations: At the lowest level of party organization are Cells or Primary Party Organizations which are located in factories, offices, schools. A cell generally consists of 20 members. Primary Party Organizations work for cementing the ties of the workers and peasants with the party and its leading bodies. They do the propaganda work among the masses.
2) Party Congress at the County Level: All the Primary Party Organizations of a county, autonomous county or municipality work under the supervision of a Party Congress. Party Congress at the County Level is elected by the general meeting or delegate meeting of all PPOs which are at work in a county. Party Congress is elected for a term of two years. It meets once a year for discussing policy matters of local nature.
3) The Party Congress at the Provincial Level: At the provincial/autonomous region or municipality level, there is the provincial Party Congress which is elected for a period of three years. It meets thrice a year for discussing and deciding matters of regional importance.
4) National Party Congress: The National Party Congress is the highest organ of the Communist Party of China. It is elected for a term of five years by local party organ. The members of the National Party Congress are known as the delegates. The number of delegates and the procedure governing their election, replacement and filling of vacancy is determined by the central committee. It is supposed to meet once in a year. The main function of the National Party Congress is to determine the party's policy; to revise the party constitution; to hear and examine the reports of the Central Committee and other central organ and to elect the Central Committee.The National Party Congress consists of more than one thousand delegates.
5) Central Committee: The central committee is elected by the National Party Congress for a term of five years. It has around 200 members. It meets twice in a year. Its responsibility is to ratify the decisions of the Politburo and its Standing Committee. It is more an organ concerned with implementation of policy rather than its formulation.
6) Politburo and Standing Committee: The Central Committee elects the Politburo currently has 24 members. It is the most effective and powerful party organ and is also the key decision- making organ of all major policies with the state. Politburo has a sort of Inner Cabinet called the Standing Committee consisting of around seven members. The Standing Committee is at the centre of decision- making power because it always consists of the top ranking seven leaders of the Communist Party.
7) The Central Commission and the secretariat of the CPC: The Central Commission has the responsibility to maintain discipline among the members. It has 17 regular and 4 alternate members and its works through several Control Commissions. The Secretariat looks after the routine work of the party administration and works under the direction of the Politburo, the Standing Committee and the General Secretary.
3) The Party Congress at the Provincial Level: At the provincial/autonomous region or municipality level, there is the provincial Party Congress which is elected for a period of three years. It meets thrice a year for discussing and deciding matters of regional importance.
4) National Party Congress: The National Party Congress is the highest organ of the Communist Party of China. It is elected for a term of five years by local party organ. The members of the National Party Congress are known as the delegates. The number of delegates and the procedure governing their election, replacement and filling of vacancy is determined by the central committee. It is supposed to meet once in a year. The main function of the National Party Congress is to determine the party's policy; to revise the party constitution; to hear and examine the reports of the Central Committee and other central organ and to elect the Central Committee.The National Party Congress consists of more than one thousand delegates.
5) Central Committee: The central committee is elected by the National Party Congress for a term of five years. It has around 200 members. It meets twice in a year. Its responsibility is to ratify the decisions of the Politburo and its Standing Committee. It is more an organ concerned with implementation of policy rather than its formulation.
6) Politburo and Standing Committee: The Central Committee elects the Politburo currently has 24 members. It is the most effective and powerful party organ and is also the key decision- making organ of all major policies with the state. Politburo has a sort of Inner Cabinet called the Standing Committee consisting of around seven members. The Standing Committee is at the centre of decision- making power because it always consists of the top ranking seven leaders of the Communist Party.
7) The Central Commission and the secretariat of the CPC: The Central Commission has the responsibility to maintain discipline among the members. It has 17 regular and 4 alternate members and its works through several Control Commissions. The Secretariat looks after the routine work of the party administration and works under the direction of the Politburo, the Standing Committee and the General Secretary.
Role of Communist Party of China:
The Communist Party of China holds a dominant position as the custodian of all power. The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese people and the real power holder int he political system of China. Based on the principle of democratic centralism, the Communist Party of China has become a nerve centre of the Chinese people encompassing all sections of people.
Originating in 1921 as a very small group, the Communist Party of China registered as a spectacular rise particularly after 1935 when Mao emerged as its leader. After 1949 the Communist Party of China began to control all aspects of China. Though there was no mention of the party in the Constitution. The Communist Party continued to work as an extra-constitutional supreme decision making and directing body.
Because of such an impressive leadership role, the Constitution of 1975 gave constitutional recognition to the party. The Constitution of 1975 declared "The Communist Party of China is the core of the leadership of the whole Chinese people. During this period, even the highest organ of the state power- the National People's Congress -was placed under the leadership of the party all the key dignitaries of the state were nominated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party. The Chinese Armed Forces -the People's Liberation Army (PLA) -was placed under the control of the Communist Party.
In 1978, China adopted a new constitution. The 1978 Constitution once again recognized the key-role performed by the Communist Party and called upon the people of China to support it whole heartedly.
After Mao-Tse-tung's death a review of working of the Communist Party was undertaken. The constitution of 1982 secured a separation between the Communist Party and the Government. However, the Communist Party is still the leader of the people and the vanguard in the march towards the national goals. Members of the Politburo and the Central Committee of the party holf the key positions in the government. Even, the most high ranking military officers are the member of the party. Similarly, the party maintains its control over the government and the army through various mechanisms. The government is merely the mechanism through which the party operates. It implements policy through the organs of the state power and supervises the entire apparatus of the state. All the important decisions are taken first at the highest level of the party and then implemented by the government. The party is the central pillar of the political setup of China. The Communist Party can be termed as the architect and defender of the communist revolution. Because of the prominent role played by the Communist Party and its undisputed leader Mao, China was able to get a rightful place in the Security Council of he United Nations. The power struggle within the Communist Party in the Post-Mao period has not materially changed nor van it change its dominant position. The Communist Party continues to lead the Chinese people in their march towards securing of their development objectives and the unity, integrity and strength of the country. It governs both directly and indirectly.
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