Evolution of Indian constitution

 EVOLUTION OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION (SUMMARY)

* The constitution of India can be studied under two broad head: The Company Rule ( 1773-1858), The Crown Rule (1858-1947).

*In 1757, Robert Clive defeated the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-daulad at the battle of Plassey.

*After the revolt of 1857, Company rule ended in India and begins the British Raj. Government of India Act, 1858 was the first statute passed by parliament as marked the beginning of the evolution of the Indian Constitution.

* The important Acts under the Company Rule 91773-1858) were-

(Important point were added)

1. Regulating Act of 1773 (Warren Hasting became the Governor General through the Act)

2. Pitt's Act of 1784 (British Crown was the supreme controller of the Company's affairs and administration)

3. Charter Act of 1813 (The Company's monopoly business model over trade in India was finished, subject of trade is available to British Crown)

4. Charter Acts of 1833 (Lord William Bentick became the Governor-General, the company transform into administrative body and ended its commercial activities)

5. Charter Acts of 1853 (Central legislative Council was established, Open civil service examination was introduced)

* Important Acts under the Crown Rule (1858-1947)

1. Government of India Act, 1858 (Governor-General was changed to Viceroy. Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India, Board of control and court of Directors were abolished)

2. Indian Council Act, 1861

3. Indian Council Act, 1892

4. Indian Council Act, 1909 (This act is also known as Morley-Minto Reform, CLC was changed to ILC, This act introduced the concept of separate electorate to Muslims, Indian Council Acts came to an end with this Act)

5. Government of India Act, 1919 ( This Act is also known as Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, dual govt, bi-cameral legislature, Public Service Commission was introduced)

6.Government of India Act, 1935 (This Act is the result of Simon Commission Report, Burma was independent, Federal court & RBI were established))

7. Indian Independence Act, 1947 (Partition of India and Pakistan)

*The Constitution of India (January 26, 1950)

*Father of Indian Constitution is Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

* The draft of the new constitution was prepared on Feb, 1948 and came into force in 1950.

*Various features were taken from other countries. (USA, British, Canada, Ireland, France, Australian, Soviet Union, South Africa, Germany, Japan)